drivers
	lspci -n
	http://kmuto.jp/debian/hcl/
	lspci -v
		shows used drivers!
	ethtool -i eth0
		driver and version!

hardware abstraction layer (hal):
	lshal

open terminal from nautilus: sudo aptitude install nautilus-open-terminal

irc
	http://www.dannybuntu.com/2009/02/howto-chat-on-irc-via-terminal.html
	irssi
	[[/connect]] irc.freenode.org
	[[/join]] #nickpiace

talk

terminal on top at startup:
	wmctrl -r [[:ACTIVE:]] -b add,above
get mouse position and other stuff:
	xdotool

pipes:
	redirect output to file:
 		>=save,>>=append
		1=stdout,2=stderr,&=both
	silence:
		&> /dev/null
	pipe
		to programs as stdin with |
	named pipe: mkfifo name
	stdin to first arg: cmd1 | xargs cmd2

ascii

.Xdefaults
xrdb ~/.Xdefaults

default terminal emulator: sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator and System->Preferences->Preferred Applications

other keybindings: gconf-editor

window manager: 
	wmctrl -m
	metacity --replace
	compiz
	[[bluetile]]

processes:
	fg
	ps ax

mv/move/rename:
	match and replace:
		mmv "file*.asd" "file#1_old.asd"

rm/remove:
	remove files recursively: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1692087
		shopt -s globstar
		rm **/file*.bla

Switch Esc and Caps Lock:
	System->preferences->keyboard->dispositions->options...->...
	not needed code:
    remove Lock = Caps_Lock
    keysym Escape = Caps_Lock
    keysym Caps_Lock = Escape
    add Lock = Caps_Lock
    
custom x session:
  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CustomXSession
	check ubuntu possibilities first!

archives:
	tar:
		extract: tar xvf archive.tar
			list contents: t
			extract: x
			use archive file: f
			verbose: v
		archive: tar -zcf archive.tar.gz file1 file2
	zip:
		current dir: zip -r asd.zip
		file: zip name.zip filename
	unzip: unzip file -d dir
	rar:
		extract: unrar e file.rar

install with rpm: use alien (apt-get it)
	http://embraceubuntu.com/2005/09/23/installing-using-an-rpm-file/
	sudo alien -k rpmfile.rpm
	
bash:
	output of a command in string: ...`cmd`...
	man bash is cool
	terminal settings: .bashrc
	#! /bin/bash
	set -e
	export
	if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then
	if [ "$1" = "asd" ]; then
	a=$b without spaces!
	arguments: $1, ...
		called file name: @0
		all the args: $@
	read user input:
		read -p "Var: " varname
		password: stty -echo; read -p "Enter password: " pass; echo; stty echo
			credit: http://www.peterbe.com/plog/passwords-with-bash
	iterate over all file lines:
		while read line; do echo "$line"; done < "$filename"
		while read line; do echo "$line"; done < fname
	get extension: extension=${filename##*.}
	get filename: filename=${filename%.*}

time:
	date
	timestamp: date +%s

[[/etc/sudoers]]
Defaults !env_reset
Defaults env_keep+="PROG_LOCATION"

save cmd result to var:
  asd=$(cmd)
    
dialog
  input=$(zenity --text "Question" --entry)
  retval=$?
  case $retval in
    0)
    1)  

launch and hold: konsole -hold -e cmd
exit on error: set -e

location of cmd: which cmd

remove except/remove all except one file: rm !(filename)

shopt ?

command line browsing/browser: lynx elinks

grep: egrep
	search in files: grep "str" *
		show only files: -l
	search file: locate term
		sudo updatedb
	search file: find . -name term

compare files: diff

copy to clipboard: e.g. cat filename | xclip -sel clip

paste to file: xclip -o > file

empty file: > file

echo/print from stdin: cat

download from commandline: wget url

mounted:
	see space usage: df
	/mnt
	available: /dev/sda**
	mount /dev/sda*** /mnt/***
	format:
		fat is bad
		ext4

filesystem standard hierarchy/fhs/linux directories:
	/bin: binaries available in single user mode
	/boot: boot loaders
	/dev: devices
	/etc: config files
		/etc/init.d/: start/stop/restart/... scripts for services as apache2
		/etc/opt: config files for opt
		/etc/X11 etc/sgml etc/xml
	/home: users' saved files, personal settings
	/lib: libraries for bin and sbin
	/media: mount points for removable media
	/mnt: temporary mounted filesystems
	/opt: optional application software packages
	/proc: virtual filesystem for kernel and process status as text files!
	/root: home for root user
	/sbin: system binaries
	/srv: site-specific data (?)
	/tmp: not preserved by sys reboots
	/usr: read-only user data
		/usr/bin: binaries not needed in single user mode
		/usr/include: include files
		/usr/lib: libraries for usr/bin and /usr/sbin
		/usr/share: shared data ?
		/usr/src: kernel source code with header files
		/usr/X11R6
		/usr/local
	/var: variable files - change during system operation
		/var/cache: application cache data
		/var/lib: state information
		/var/lock: keep track of resources in use
		/var/log: log files
		/var/mail: user's mailboxes
		/var/run: info about running system
		/var/spool: tasks ?
		/var/tmp: temporary, preserved betw reboots

apt-get:
	sometimes purge is better than remove

startup at boot programs/services:
	etc/rc2.d contains something (but also /etc/init.d/)
		used sudo mv{S,K}91apache2 to not let it start at boot
	take a look at update-rc.d
	to add sth:
		in /etc/rc.d/rc3.d or 2?
			ln -s ../init.d/httpd S80httpd or stuff

create symbolic link/symlinks: ln -s file link  
	unlink symbolic links: http://www.jkretschmer.com/anders/prog/unln/
		unlink all symlinks in a dir: unln -rR

media:
	audio editint: audacity
	video editing: avidemux
	video to audio:
		mp4 to mp3:
			ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.mp3
			ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -acodec copy -vn output.mp3
				tried once and didn't work
			soundconverter -b filename.mp4
				tried once and took too long
	images
		view: eog
		convert:
			to png: pnmtopng from > to
		compress:
			convert -resize 10%x10% from to
			a4 at 300 dpi: 2480x3508
			at 600 dpi: 4960x7016
			at 71 dpi (web): 595 x 842

pdf:
	convert to pdf:
		ppt2pdf (my script)
		images to pdf:
			convert *.png out.pdf
	merge: http://www.pdflabs.com/docs/pdftk-cli-examples/
		pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output 123.pdf
		gui: pdfsam
	extract images: pdfimages -j document.pdf imgprefix
	extract pages: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/tech-tip-extract-pages-pdf
		pdftk A=100p-inputfile.pdf cat A22-36 output outfile_p22-p36.pdf
	split into single pages: pdftk input.pdf burst

scan:
	my scripts:
		scan
		scanpdf
	other stuff:
		scanimage > name.pnm
		scanimage -L
			scans to image.pnm
		gui: xsane

mount harddisks:
	mkdir in /mnt
	mount /dev/sdax /mnt/dir

filesystem: mount shows
	ext4: 16TiB

speak: espeak "Oh my god this is so crazy" -s 20

killall: kill all processes with name

dati pc/info pc/list hardware: sudo lshw

change user/switch user: su uname 

command not found:
	command-not-found package
	/usr/lib/command-not-found
	included via /etc/bash.bashrc

file transfer protocol/ftp:
	use pftp (passive)
	passive mode: -p
	fireftp
	get all: mget *
	wget -r ftp://user:pass@server.com/
	ncftp
	lftp
		open, user	
		bash command: !
		lcd
		download: mirror . .
		upload: mirror -R . .

prompt: /etc/promptrc
	ps1

kernel version: uname -r
	log:
		sudo vi /var/log/messages +
		dmesg - kernel message buffer

uname - name, version, details of machine and os

ssh:
	generating rsa key:
		ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "comment"
		share:
			cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | xclip -sel clip
			paste
	login/connect: ssh username@server.com
		yes and passphrase
		if successfully auth: ok
	ssh-agent: to make it work: ssh-add
	ethz:
		ssh mnicola@optimus.ethz.ch
		ssh mnicola@slab1.ethz.ch (bis 8)
		man landet in /nas/mnicola
	logged user:
		in /nas all current users, or command w
	w to see user information
	write works :)
	sshd

add user: adduser name
 
sed:
	http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html
	replace in file/substitute in file: sed s/day/night/ old > new
		use & as matched
		\1 for part matched by ()
		/g global, /2 second occurrence
		-n prints only /p
		delete d
		quit q
	combine with -e
	-f sedscript
		one command per line
	parameters:	
		's/asdasd'"$1"'asdasdf/'

calculator: bc

see folder size/directory size:
	du -hs dir

calendar:
	cal
	pal

timer/countdown: timer-applet

linux on browser: http://bellard.org/jslinux/ 

watch/regular/repeat: watch command
	watch -n interval command
	mkfifo debug; while [ 1 ]; do cat debug; done;

add to path:
	export PATH=$PATH:newpath

on file change/inotify: 
	bash: incron
	/etc/incron.conf
	/etc/incron.d
	/var/spool/incron
	incrontab
	sudo service incron start
	<path> <mask> <command>
	wildcards: 
		$$
		$@ watched filesystem path
		$# event-r
		elated file name
 		$% event flags (textually)
		$& event flags (numerically)
	example:
		/var/mail IN_CLOSE_WRITE abc $@/$#

media player: cmus
	1: library, 2: sorted library 3: playlist, 4: play queue 5: browser, 6: filter
	e: append to queue, E: prepend to queue
	b: next, c: pause, x: play, z: prev, v: stop
	s: shuffle/scramble/random
	empty: :clear
	move element: p/P
	restart: vx r: toggle repeat o: toggle sorted
	file operations: D: delete, 
	^R: toggle repeat current
	q: quit, :w file save current view's contents to a playlist
	search with / and n
	volume: []
	play mp4:
		I got there in this order (very probably not everything is needed ;))	
			just trying around:
				sudo apt-get install moc mmpeg moc-ffmpeg-plugin xmms2
				ubuntu-restricted-extras
				added medibuntu: http://medibuntu.org/repository.php
				installed libavformat-extra52
			worked:
				uninstall cmus, remove ~/.cmus (I didn't have any important data there yet!)
				downloaded source: http://cmus.sourceforge.net/#download
				sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev libpulse-dev libalsaplayer-dev libavformat-dev alsa-source libasound2-dev mp4h flac libflac-dev libmad0-dev libvorbis-dev libfaad-dev
				install mp4v2
					http://code.google.com/p/mp4v2/downloads/list
					untar, ./config, make, make install
				./configure CONFIG_FLAC=y CONFIG_MAD=y CONFIG_VORBIS=y CONFIG_WAV=y CONFIG_MP4=y CONFIG_AAC=y CONFIG_ALSA=y
				make
				make install

screen:
	detach C-a-d
	screen -ls
	screen -r

samba/smb: to see eachother's public dirs, imitates windows network stuff

skype:
	didn't start
	install from website

mime types: see [[php#headers]]

send sms from pc: http://www.developershome.com/sms/howToSendSMSFromPC.asp
	connect to a phone or a gsm/gprs modem
		at commands: cmgs, cmss, cmgw, cmgd, cmgc, cmms

chose the desktop folder: http://www.linux-geek.co.nz/2011/06/03/use-any-folder-for-your-ubuntu-desktop-even-a-dropbox-folder/
	~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
	now the home folder is my desktop folder :)

hex/dec:
	echo $((0x15a))
	printf '%x\n' 346